Descendants, maybe, or just related according to philosophies, many of the characters of Lost have strange connections with actual philosophers. Looking up the names of Hume, Carlyle, Rousseau, Locke, Eko, and the history of "Linus," you can see similarities in the actions/ideals that the characters hold and its relation to the philosophies of their like-named counter-parts. It is more than just coincidence, their names were picked for a reason.